The Science Behind Psyche

Focus & Energy(Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale v1.1 (Modified), ASRS-v1.1)

Kessler, R. C., Adler, L., Ames, M., Demler, O., Faraone, S., Hiripi, E., Howes, M. J., Jin, R., Secnik, K., Spencer, T., Ustun, T. B., & Walters, E. E. (2005). The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS): a short screening scale for use in the general population. Psychological Medicine, 35(2), 245-256. doi:10.1017/S0033291704002892

How They Focus(Psyche ADHD-Proxy Observer Rating (18-item), IPIP-ADHD-18)

Goldberg, L. R., Johnson, J. A., Eber, H. W., Hogan, R., Ashton, M. C., Cloninger, C. R., & Gough, H. G. (2006). The International Personality Item Pool and the future of public-domain personality measures. Journal of Research in Personality, 40(1), 84-96.

How They're Wired(Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire — Informant (BAPQ-I), BAPQ-I)

Hurley, R. S. E., Losh, M., Parlier, M., Reznick, J. S., & Piven, J. (2007). The Broad Autism Phenotype Questionnaire. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(9), 1679-1690. doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0349-0

Social Masking Check(Camouflaging Autistic Traits Questionnaire — Short Form, CATQ-SF)

Hull, L., Mandy, W., Belcher, H., & Petrides, K. V. (2024). Validation of the camouflaging autistic traits questionnaire short form (CATQ-SF). Comprehensive Psychiatry, 135, 152525. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152525

Social Wiring(Autism-Spectrum Quotient Short, AQ-28)

Hoekstra, R. A., Vinkhuyzen, A. A. E., Wheelwright, S., Bartels, M., Boomsma, D. I., Baron-Cohen, S., Posthuma, D., & van der Sluis, S. (2011). The construction and validation of an abridged version of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ-Short). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(5), 589-596. doi:10.1007/s10803-010-1073-0

Alcohol Use Assessment(Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, AUDIT)

Saunders, J. B., Aasland, O. G., Babor, T. F., de la Fuente, J. R., & Grant, M. (1993). Development of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): WHO Collaborative Project on Early Detection of Persons with Harmful Alcohol Consumption--II. Addiction, 88(6), 791-804. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x

Alcohol Use Check(Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-C, AUDIT-C)

Bush, K., Kivlahan, D. R., McDonell, M. B., Fihn, S. D., & Bradley, K. A. (1998). The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C): an effective brief screening test for problem drinking. Archives of Internal Medicine, 158(16), 1789-1795. doi:10.1001/archinte.158.16.1789

Eating Patterns Screen(SCOFF Eating Disorder Screen, SCOFF)

Morgan, J. F., Reid, F., & Lacey, J. H. (1999). The SCOFF questionnaire: assessment of a new screening tool for eating disorders. BMJ, 319(7223), 1467-1468. doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7223.1467

Phone Habits Check(Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, SAS-SV)

Kwon, M., Kim, D. J., Cho, H., & Yang, S. (2013). The Smartphone Addiction Scale: development and validation of a short version for adolescents. PLoS ONE, 8(12), e83558. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083558

Authenticity(Authenticity Scale, Authenticity)

Wood, A. M., Linley, P. A., Maltby, J., Baliousis, M., & Joseph, S. (2008). The Authentic Personality: A Theoretical and Empirical Conceptualization and the Development of the Authenticity Scale. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55(3), 385-399. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.55.3.385

Curiosity(Curiosity and Exploration Inventory-II, CEI-II)

Kashdan, T. B., Gallagher, M. W., Silvia, P. J., Winterstein, B. P., Breen, W. E., Terhar, D., & Steger, M. F. (2009). The Curiosity and Exploration Inventory-II: Development, factor structure, and psychometrics. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(6), 987-998. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2009.04.011

Curiosity Profile(Five-Dimensional Curiosity Scale — Revised, 5D-CR)

Kashdan, T. B., Disabato, D. J., Goodman, F. R., & McKnight, P. E. (2020). The Five-Dimensional Curiosity Scale Revised (5DCR): Briefer subscales while separating overt and covert social curiosity. Personality and Individual Differences, 157, 109836. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.109836

Curiosity Profile(Five-Dimensional Curiosity Scale — Revised, 5D-CR)

Kashdan, T. B., Disabato, D. J., Goodman, F. R., & McKnight, P. E. (2020). The Five-Dimensional Curiosity Scale Revised (5DCR): Briefer subscales while separating overt and covert social curiosity. Personality and Individual Differences, 157, 109836. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.109836

Honesty and Humility Check(IPIP Honesty-Humility Scale, IPIP-HH)

Ashton, M. C., Lee, K., & Goldberg, L. R. (2007). The IPIP-HEXACO scales: An alternative, public-domain measure of the personality constructs in the HEXACO model. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(8), 1515-1526. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2006.06.013

How curious are they?(Perspective: Openness to Experience, PSPI-O)

Condon, D. M. (2017). The SAPA Personality Inventory: An empirically-derived, hierarchically-organized self-report personality assessment model. PsyArXiv Preprints. doi:10.31234/osf.io/sc4p9

How disciplined are they?(Perspective: Conscientiousness, PSPI-C)

Condon, D. M. (2017). The SAPA Personality Inventory: An empirically-derived, hierarchically-organized self-report personality assessment model. PsyArXiv Preprints. doi:10.31234/osf.io/sc4p9

How easily do things get to them?(Perspective: Emotional Reactivity, PSPI-N)

Condon, D. M. (2017). The SAPA Personality Inventory: An empirically-derived, hierarchically-organized self-report personality assessment model. PsyArXiv Preprints. doi:10.31234/osf.io/sc4p9

How outgoing are they?(Perspective: Extraversion, PSPI-E)

Condon, D. M. (2017). The SAPA Personality Inventory: An empirically-derived, hierarchically-organized self-report personality assessment model. PsyArXiv Preprints. doi:10.31234/osf.io/sc4p9

How Proactive Are You?(Proactive Personality Scale (Short Form), PPS-10)

Bateman, T. S., & Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior: A measure and correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14(2), 103-118. doi:10.1002/job.4030140202

How They Relate(IPIP Interpersonal Circumplex (32-item), IPIP-IPC)

Markey, P. M., & Markey, C. N. (2009). A brief assessment of the interpersonal circumplex: The IPIP-IPC. Assessment, 16(4), 352-361. doi:10.1177/1073191109340382

How warm are they?(Perspective: Agreeableness, PSPI-A)

Condon, D. M. (2017). The SAPA Personality Inventory: An empirically-derived, hierarchically-organized self-report personality assessment model. PsyArXiv Preprints. doi:10.31234/osf.io/sc4p9

How You See Them(SAPA Peer Report (30-item), SAPA-PR-30)

Zola, A., Condon, D. M., & Revelle, W. (2021). The Convergence of Self and Informant Reports in a Large Online Sample. Collabra: Psychology, 7(1), 25983. doi:10.1525/collabra.25983

How You See Them (Deep)(Psyche SPI Peer Report — 27 Narrow Facets, PSPI-P27)

Condon, D. M. (2017). The SAPA Personality Inventory: An empirically-derived, hierarchically-organized self-report personality assessment model. PsyArXiv Preprints. doi:10.31234/osf.io/sc4p9

Humor(Humor Styles Questionnaire — Short Form, HSQ-12)

Altmann, T. (2024). Development and validation of three brief versions of the humor styles questionnaire. Acta Psychologica, 243, 104141. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104141

Leadership & Warmth Balance(Bem Sex Role Inventory - Short Form, BSRI-12)

Bem, S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42(2), 155-162. doi:10.1037/h0036215

Perfectionism Check(Almost Perfect Scale-Revised -- Short Form, APS-R-SF)

Rice, K. G., Richardson, C. M. E., & Tueller, S. (2014). The short form of the Revised Almost Perfect Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 96(3), 368-379. doi:10.1080/00223891.2013.838172

Personality(SAPA Personality Inventory (SPI-35), SPI-35)

Condon, D. M. (2017). The SAPA Personality Inventory: An empirically-derived, hierarchically-organized self-report personality assessment model. PsyArXiv Preprints. doi:10.31234/osf.io/sc4p9

Self-Compassion Check(Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form, SCS-SF)

Raes, F., Pommier, E., Neff, K. D., & Van Gucht, D. (2011). Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the Self-Compassion Scale. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 18(3), 250-255. doi:10.1002/cpp.702

Self-Compassion Check(Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form, SCS-SF)

Raes, F., Pommier, E., Neff, K. D., & Van Gucht, D. (2011). Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the Self-Compassion Scale. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 18(3), 250-255. doi:10.1002/cpp.702

Self-Perception Style(Traditional Masculinity-Femininity Scale, TMF-6)

Kachel, S., Steffens, M. C., & Niedlich, C. (2016). Traditional masculinity and femininity: Validation of a new scale assessing gender roles. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 956. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00956

Social Adaptability Check(Self-Monitoring Scale, SMS-18)

Snyder, M., & Gangestad, S. (1986). On the nature of self-monitoring: Matters of assessment, matters of validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(1), 125-139. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.1.125

Time Perspective Check(Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory — Short Form, ZTPI-15)

Zhang, J. W., Howell, R. T., & Bowerman, T. (2013). Validating a brief measure of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Time & Society, 22(3), 391-409. doi:10.1177/0961463X12441174

Time Perspective Check(Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory — Short Form, ZTPI-15)

Zhang, J. W., Howell, R. T., & Bowerman, T. (2013). Validating a brief measure of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. Time & Society, 22(3), 391-409. doi:10.1177/0961463X12441174

Empathy(Brief Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Modified), B-IRI)

Ingoglia, S., Lo Coco, A., & Albiero, P. (2016). Development of a Brief Form of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (B-IRI). Journal of Personality Assessment, 98(5), 461-471. doi:10.1080/00223891.2016.1149858

Empathy Check(Toronto Empathy Questionnaire, TEQ)

Spreng, R. N., McKinnon, M. C., Mar, R. A., & Levine, B. (2009). The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire: Scale development and initial validation of a factor-analytic solution to multiple empathy measures. Journal of Personality Assessment, 91(1), 62-71. doi:10.1080/00223890802484381

Action vs. Assessment Style(Regulatory Mode Questionnaire - Short Form, RMQ-12)

Kruglanski, A. W., Thompson, E. P., Higgins, E. T., Atash, M. N., Pierro, A., Shah, J. Y., & Spiegel, S. (2000). To 'do the right thing' or to 'just do it': Locomotion and assessment as distinct self-regulatory imperatives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 793-815. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.5.793

Core Needs Check(Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction Scale, BPNS)

La Guardia, J. G., Ryan, R. M., Couchman, C. E., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Within-person variation in security of attachment: A self-determination theory perspective on attachment, need fulfillment, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(3), 367-384. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.3.367

Goal Pursuit Style(Regulatory Focus Questionnaire, RFQ)

Higgins, E. T., Friedman, R. S., Harlow, R. E., Idson, L. C., Ayduk, O. N., & Taylor, A. (2001). Achievement orientations from subjective histories of success: Promotion pride versus prevention pride. European Journal of Social Psychology, 31(1), 3-23. doi:10.1002/ejsp.27

Growth Mindset Check(Implicit Theories of Intelligence Scale, ITIS)

Dweck, C. S., Chiu, C. Y., & Hong, Y. Y. (1995). Implicit theories and their role in judgments and reactions: a word from two perspectives. Psychological Inquiry, 6(4), 267-285. doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0604_1

Learning Style and Motivation(Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire, MSLQ)

Pintrich, P. R., Smith, D. A. F., Garcia, T., & McKeachie, W. J. (1991). A manual for the use of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ)..

Motivation(BIS/BAS Scales, BIS/BAS)

Carver, C. S., & White, T. L. (1994). Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(2), 319-333. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.2.319

Childhood Experiences Questionnaire(Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire, ACE-Q)

Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., Koss, M. P., & Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14(4), 245-258. doi:10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00017-8

Dissociative Experiences Screen(Dissociative Experiences Scale — Brief, DES-B)

Carlson, E. B., & Putnam, F. W. (1993). An update on the Dissociative Experiences Scale. Dissociation, 6(1), 16-27.

Past Experiences Screen(Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5, PC-PTSD-5)

Prins, A., Bovin, M. J., Smolenski, D. J., Marx, B. P., Kimerling, R., Jenkins-Guarnieri, M. A., Kaloupek, D. G., Schnurr, P. P., Kaiser, A. P., Leyva, Y. E., & Tiet, Q. Q. (2016). The Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5 (PC-PTSD-5): Development and Evaluation Within a Veteran Primary Care Sample. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 31(10), 1206-1211. doi:10.1007/s11606-016-3703-5

Dark Side(Dirty Dozen, DD)

Jonason, P. K., & Webster, G. D. (2010). The dirty dozen: a concise measure of the dark triad. Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 420-432. doi:10.1037/a0019265

How They Operate(Psyche Behavioral Dark Traits (18-item), BDT-18)

Goldberg, L. R., Johnson, J. A., Eber, H. W., Hogan, R., Ashton, M. C., Cloninger, C. R., & Gough, H. G. (2006). The International Personality Item Pool and the future of public-domain personality measures. Journal of Research in Personality, 40(1), 84-96. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2005.08.007

Kindness(Light Triad Scale, Light Triad)

Kaufman, S. B., Yaden, D. B., Hyde, E., & Tsukayama, E. (2019). The Light Triad vs. Dark Triad of Personality: Contrasting Two Very Different Profiles of Human Nature. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 467. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00467

Attachment(Experiences in Close Relationships-Short Form, ECR-S)

Wei, M., Russell, D. W., Mallinckrodt, B., & Vogel, D. L. (2007). The Experiences in Close Relationship Scale (ECR)-Short Form: Reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88(2), 187-204. doi:10.1080/00223890701268041

Attachment Style(Experiences in Close Relationships — Relationship Structures (ECR-RS), Global, ECR-RS)

Fraley, R. C., Heffernan, M. E., Vicary, A. M., & Brumbaugh, C. C. (2011). The Experiences in Close Relationships—Relationship Structures questionnaire. Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 615-625. doi:10.1037/a0022898

Attachment Style(Experiences in Close Relationships — Revised (ECR-R), ECR-R)

Fraley, R. C., Waller, N. G., & Brennan, K. A. (2000). An item response theory analysis of self-report measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(2), 350-365. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.2.350

Comfort & Closeness(Experiences in Close Relationships — Relationship Structures (ECR-RS, Modified), ECR-RS)

Fraley, R. C., Heffernan, M. E., Vicary, A. M., & Brumbaugh, C. C. (2011). The Experiences in Close Relationships—Relationship Structures questionnaire. Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 615-625. doi:10.1037/a0022898

How Sensitive Are You to Rejection?(Brief Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire, A-RSQ-Brief)

Downey, G., & Feldman, S. I. (2004). Brief Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire..

Emotion Coping Strategies(Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire — Short Form (Modified), CERQ-short)

Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., & Spinhoven, P. (2001). Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems. Personality and Individual Differences, 30(8), 1311-1327. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00113-6

Emotion Regulation Check(Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-16, DERS-16)

Bjureberg, J., Ljotsson, B., Tull, M. T., Hedman, E., Sahlin, H., Lundh, L. G., Bjarehed, J., DiLillo, D., Messman-Moore, T., Gumpert, C. H., & Gratz, K. L. (2016). Development and Validation of a Brief Version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale: The DERS-16. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 38(2), 284-296. doi:10.1007/s10862-015-9514-x

Emotional Intelligence Profile(Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Scale, SSEIS)

Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Hall, L. E., Haggerty, D. J., Cooper, J. T., Golden, C. J., & Dornheim, L. (1998). Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(2), 167-177. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(97)00167-2

Emotional Self-Awareness(Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire - Short Form, PAQ-S)

Preece, D. A., Mehta, A., Petrova, K., Sikka, P., Bjureberg, J., Chen, W., Becerra, R., Allan, A., & Robinson, K. (2023). The Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire-Short Form (PAQ-S): A 6-item measure of alexithymia. Journal of Affective Disorders, 325, 493-501. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.036

Emotions(Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, ERQ)

Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348-362. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348

How Do You Cope?(Brief COPE Inventory, Brief COPE)

Carver, C. S. (1997). You want to measure coping but your protocol's too long: consider the brief COPE. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 4(1), 92-100. doi:10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6

How Well Do You Handle Distress?(Distress Tolerance Scale, DTS)

Simons, J. S., & Gaher, R. M. (2005). The Distress Tolerance Scale: Development and validation of a self-report measure. Motivation and Emotion, 29(2), 83-102. doi:10.1007/s11031-005-7955-3

Impulse(UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale — Short Form (Modified), UPPS-P)

Lynam, D. R., Smith, G. T., Whiteside, S. P., & Cyders, M. A. (2006). The UPPS-P: Assessing five personality pathways to impulsive behavior..

Psychological Flexibility Check(Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, AAQ-II)

Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., Baer, R. A., Carpenter, K. M., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H. K., Waltz, T., & Zettle, R. D. (2011). Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II: A revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. Behavior Therapy, 42(4), 676-688. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2011.03.007

Reading the Room(Situational Test of Emotion Management - Brief, STEM-B)

Allen, V. D., Rahman, N., Weissman, A., MacCann, C., Lewis, C., & Roberts, R. D. (2015). The Situational Test of Emotional Management – Brief (STEM-B): Development and validation using item response theory and latent class analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 81, 195-200. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.01.035

How You Think About Thinking(Metacognitions Questionnaire-30, MCQ-30)

Wells, A., & Cartwright-Hatton, S. (2004). A short form of the metacognitions questionnaire: properties of the MCQ-30. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42(4), 385-396. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00147-5

Repetitive Patterns Screen(Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-4, OCI-4)

Abramovitch, A., Abramowitz, J. S., & McKay, D. (2021). The OCI-4: An ultra-brief screening scale for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 78, 102354. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102354

Repetitive Thinking Check(Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire-15, PTQ-15)

Ehring, T., Zetsche, U., Weidacker, K., Wahl, K., Schonfeld, S., & Ehlers, A. (2011). The Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ): Validation of a content-independent measure of repetitive negative thinking. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42(2), 225-232. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.12.003

Social Comfort(Social Interaction Anxiety Scale — Short Form, SIAS-6)

Peters, L., Sunderland, M., Andrews, G., Rapee, R. M., & Mattick, R. P. (2012). Development of a short form Social Interaction Anxiety (SIAS) and Social Phobia Scale (SPS) using nonparametric item response theory: the SIAS-6 and the SPS-6. Psychological Assessment, 24(1), 66-76. doi:10.1037/a0024544

Sudden Fear Screen(Psyche Panic Disorder Screen, PANIC)

Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., & Williams, J. B. (1999). Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: the PHQ primary care study. JAMA, 282(18), 1737-1744. doi:10.1001/jama.282.18.1737

Uncertainty(Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale-12 (Modified), IUS-12)

Carleton, R. N., Norton, M. A. P., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2007). Fearing the unknown: A short version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21(1), 105-117. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.03.014

Worry & Anxiety Check(Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale, GAD-7)

Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092-1097. doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092

Gratitude(Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item Form, GQ-6)

McCullough, M. E., Emmons, R. A., & Tsang, J. (2002). The grateful disposition: A conceptual and empirical topography. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(1), 112-127. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.82.1.112

Ideal Partner(Ideal Standards Scale, ISS)

Fletcher, G. J. O., Simpson, J. A., Thomas, G., & Giles, L. (1999). Ideals in intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(1), 72-89. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.1.72

Core Strengths(IPIP-VIA-R Core Strengths, IPIP-VIA-R)

Partsch, M. V., Olaru, G., & Lechner, C. M. (2024). Measuring Global Character Dimensions: An Ant Colony Optimization Approach toward Three Core Strength Scales. Journal of Personality Assessment, 106(5), 665-680. doi:10.1080/00223891.2024.2309994

Chronotype(Reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (Modified), rMEQ)

Adan, A., & Almirall, H. (1991). Horne & Östberg morningness-eveningness questionnaire: A reduced scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 12(3), 241-253. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(91)90110-W

Chronotype Explorer(Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (Modified), MEQ)

Horne, J. A., & Östberg, O. (1976). A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness-eveningness in human circadian rhythms. International Journal of Chronobiology, 4(2), 97-110. doi:10.1080/09291017609359281

Sleep Check(Insomnia Severity — 3 Items, ISI-3)

Bastien, C. H., Vallières, A., & Morin, C. M. (2001). Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research. Sleep Medicine, 2(4), 297-307. doi:10.1016/s1389-9457(00)00065-4

Emotional Storm Screen(McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder, MSI-BPD)

Zanarini, M. C., Vujanovic, A. A., Parachini, E. A., Boulanger, J. L., Frankenburg, F. R., & Hennen, J. (2003). A screening measure for BPD: the McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (MSI-BPD). Journal of Personality Disorders, 17(6), 568-573. doi:10.1521/pedi.17.6.568.25355

Mood Check(Patient Health Questionnaire-9, PHQ-9)

Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606-613. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x

Mood Surge Screen(Mania / Hypomania Screen — 4 Items, MDQ-Brief)

Hirschfeld, R. M., Williams, J. B., Spitzer, R. L., Calabrese, J. R., Flynn, L., Keck, P. E., Lewis, L., McElroy, S. L., Post, R. M., Rapport, D. J., Russell, J. M., Sachs, G. S., & Zajecka, J. (2000). Development and validation of a screening instrument for bipolar spectrum disorder: the Mood Disorder Questionnaire. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(11), 1873-1875. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.11.1873

Pleasure(Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale, TEPS)

Gard, D. E., Gard, M. G., Kring, A. M., & John, O. P. (2006). Anticipatory and consummatory components of the experience of pleasure: A scale development study. Journal of Research in Personality, 40(6), 1086-1102. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2005.08.002

Unusual Experiences Screen(Prodromal Questionnaire — 16-item, PQ-16)

Ising, H. K., Veling, W., Loewy, R. L., Rietveld, M. W., Rietdijk, J., Dragt, S., Klaassen, R. M., Nieman, D. H., Wunderink, L., Linszen, D. H., & van der Gaag, M. (2012). The validity of the 16-item version of the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16) to screen for ultra high risk of developing psychosis in the general help-seeking population. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 38(6), 1288-1296. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs068

Heartprint(Psyche Heartprint, PHP)

Flicker, S., Sancier-Barbosa, F., Gerstner, Y., & Muise, A. (2025). How many love languages are there? Examining Chapman's five love languages using a bottom-up approach.. doi:10.1111/jmft.70072

Physical Symptoms Check(Patient Health Questionnaire-15, PHQ-15)

Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2002). The PHQ-15: Validity of a new measure for evaluating the severity of somatic symptoms. Psychosomatic Medicine, 64(2), 258-266. doi:10.1097/00006842-200203000-00008

Emotional Depth(Range and Differentiation of Emotional Experience Scale, RDEES)

Kang, S. M., & Shaver, P. R. (2004). Individual differences in emotional complexity: Their psychological implications. Journal of Personality, 72(4), 687-726. doi:10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00264.x

Emotional Intelligence Check(Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, WLEIS)

Wong, C. S., & Law, K. S. (2002). The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude: An exploratory study. The Leadership Quarterly, 13(3), 243-274. doi:10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00099-1

Where do you get your energy?(Extraversion, SPI-E)

Condon, D. M. (2017). The SAPA Personality Inventory: An empirically-derived, hierarchically-organized self-report personality assessment model. PsyArXiv Preprints. doi:10.31234/osf.io/sc4p9

What kind of person are you to others?(Agreeableness, SPI-A)

Condon, D. M. (2017). The SAPA Personality Inventory: An empirically-derived, hierarchically-organized self-report personality assessment model. PsyArXiv Preprints. doi:10.31234/osf.io/sc4p9

How structured is your life?(Conscientiousness, SPI-C)

Condon, D. M. (2017). The SAPA Personality Inventory: An empirically-derived, hierarchically-organized self-report personality assessment model. PsyArXiv Preprints. doi:10.31234/osf.io/sc4p9

What gets under your skin?(Emotional Reactivity, SPI-N)

Condon, D. M. (2017). The SAPA Personality Inventory: An empirically-derived, hierarchically-organized self-report personality assessment model. PsyArXiv Preprints. doi:10.31234/osf.io/sc4p9

How open-minded are you?(Openness to Experience, SPI-O)

Condon, D. M. (2017). The SAPA Personality Inventory: An empirically-derived, hierarchically-organized self-report personality assessment model. PsyArXiv Preprints. doi:10.31234/osf.io/sc4p9

How Well Do You Know Yourself?(Self-Concept Clarity Scale, SCCS)

Campbell, J. D., Trapnell, P. D., Heine, S. J., Katz, I. M., Lavallee, L. F., & Lehman, D. R. (1996). Self-concept clarity: Measurement, personality correlates, and cultural boundaries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(1), 141-156. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.1.141

Self-Clarity(Self-Concept Clarity Scale, SCC-12)

Campbell, J. D., Trapnell, P. D., Heine, S. J., Katz, I. M., Lavallee, L. F., & Lehman, D. R. (1996). Self-concept clarity: Measurement, personality correlates, and cultural boundaries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(1), 141-156. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.70.1.141

Self-Esteem Check(Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, RSES)

Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the Adolescent Self-Image.. doi:10.1515/9781400876136

Authority & Tradition(Very Short Authoritarianism Scale, VSA)

Bizumic, B., & Duckitt, J. (2018). Investigating right wing authoritarianism with a very short authoritarianism scale. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 6(1), 129-150. doi:10.5964/jspp.v6i1.835

Moral Foundations(Psyche Moral Foundations Inventory, PMFI)

Graham, J., Haidt, J., Koleva, S., Motyl, M., Iyer, R., Wojcik, S. P., & Ditto, P. H. (2013). Moral Foundations Theory: The pragmatic validity of moral pluralism. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 55-130.

Moral Foundations(Psyche Moral Foundations Inventory, PMFI)

Graham, J., Haidt, J., Koleva, S., Motyl, M., Iyer, R., Wojcik, S. P., & Ditto, P. H. (2013). Moral Foundations Theory: The pragmatic validity of moral pluralism. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 55-130.

Political Orientation(Psyche Political Orientation Scale, PPOS)

Everett, J. A. C. (2013). The 12 Item Social and Economic Conservatism Scale (SECS). PLOS ONE, 8(12), e82131. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082131

Values(Twenty Item Values Inventory, TwIVI)

Sandy, C. J., Gosling, S. D., Schwartz, S. H., & Koelkebeck, T. (2017). The development and validation of brief and ultrabrief measures of values. Journal of Personality Assessment, 99(5), 545-555. doi:10.1080/00223891.2017.1285781

Inner Confidence Check(General Self-Efficacy Scale-6, GSE-6)

Romppel, M., Herrmann-Lingen, C., Wachter, R., Edelmann, F., Düngen, H. D., Pieske, B., & Grande, G. (2013). A short form of the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE-6): Development, psychometric properties and validity in an intercultural non-clinical sample and a sample of patients at risk for heart failure. GMS Psycho-Social-Medicine, 10, Doc01. doi:10.3205/psm000091

Who Controls Your Outcomes?(Internal-External Locus of Control Scale-4, IE-4)

Kovaleva, A., Beierlein, C., Kemper, C. J., & Rammstedt, B. (2012). Eine Kurzskala zur Messung von Kontrollüberzeugung: Die Skala Internale-Externale-Kontrollüberzeugung-4 (IE-4). GESIS Working Papers, 2012/19. doi:10.21241/ssoar.37119

Who Controls Your Outcomes?(Internal-External Locus of Control Scale-4, IE-4)

Kovaleva, A., Beierlein, C., Kemper, C. J., & Rammstedt, B. (2012). Eine Kurzskala zur Messung von Kontrollüberzeugung: Die Skala Internale-Externale-Kontrollüberzeugung-4 (IE-4). GESIS Working Papers, 2012/19. doi:10.21241/ssoar.37119

Workplace Confidence Check(Role Breadth Self-Efficacy Scale, RBSE-10)

Parker, S. K. (1998). Enhancing role breadth self-efficacy: The roles of job enrichment and other organizational interventions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(6), 835-852. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.83.6.835

Head vs. Heart Thinking(Rational-Experiential Inventory (10-item), REI-10)

Epstein, S., Pacini, R., Denes-Raj, V., & Heier, H. (1996). Individual differences in intuitive–experiential and analytical–rational thinking styles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(2), 390-405. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.71.2.390

How Much Do You Need Answers?(Need for Cognitive Closure Scale-15, NFCS-15)

Roets, A., & Van Hiel, A. (2011). Item selection and validation of a brief, 15-item version of the Need for Closure Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(1), 90-94. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.09.004

Open-Minded Thinking(Actively Open-minded Thinking Scale (Modified), AOT-7)

Haran, U., Ritov, I., & Mellers, B. A. (2013). The role of actively open-minded thinking in information acquisition, accuracy, and calibration. Judgment and Decision Making, 8(3), 188-201. doi:10.1017/S1930297500005921

Career Compass(Psyche Career Compass, PCC)

Liao, H.-Y., Armstrong, P. I., & Rounds, J. (2008). Development and initial validation of public domain Basic Interest Markers. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(1), 159-183. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2008.01.002

Leisure Pulse(Psyche Leisure Pulse, PLP)

Tinsley, H. E. A. & Eldredge, B. D. (1995). Psychological benefits of leisure participation: A taxonomy of leisure activities based on their need-gratifying properties. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42(2), 123-132. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.42.2.123

Impulsivity Check(Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-15, BIS-15)

Spinella, M. (2007). Normative data and a short form of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. International Journal of Neuroscience, 117(3), 359-368. doi:10.1080/00207450600588881

Stop & Go(Go/No-Go Task, Go/No-Go)

Donders, F. C. (1969). On the speed of mental processes. Acta Psychologica, 30, 412-431. doi:10.1016/0001-6918(69)90065-1

Resilience Check(Brief Resilience Scale, BRS)

Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E., Christopher, P., & Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15(3), 194-200. doi:10.1080/10705500802222972

Burnout Assessment(Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, CBI)

Kristensen, T. S., Borritz, M., Villadsen, E., & Christensen, K. B. (2005). The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory: A new tool for the assessment of burnout. Work & Stress, 19(3), 192-207. doi:10.1080/02678370500297720

Attraction Patterns(Psyche Attraction Patterns Scale, APS-10)

Hale, A., Miller, L. B., Weaver, J., Husney, S. Q., & Henares, R. (2019). The dual scales of sexual orientation. Journal of Bisexuality, 19(4), 483-514. doi:10.1080/15299716.2019.1650318

Attraction Trait Preferences(Mate Preference Questionnaire (Modified), MPQ-12)

Buss, D. M. (1989). Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 12(1), 1-49. doi:10.1017/S0140525X00023992

Closeness — Observer Report(Inclusion of Other in Self — Observer (Modified), IOS-O)

Aron, A., Aron, E. N., & Smollan, D. (1992). Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(4), 596-612. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.63.4.596

Conflict Resolution Style(Dutch Test for Conflict Handling, DUTCH)

De Dreu, C. K. W., Evers, A., Beersma, B., Kluwer, E. S., & Nauta, A. (2001). A theory-based measure of conflict management strategies in the workplace. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 645-668. doi:10.1002/job.107

Friendship Quality Check(McGill Friendship Questionnaire, MFQ)

Mendelson, M. J., & Aboud, F. E. (1999). Measuring friendship quality in late adolescents and young adults: McGill Friendship Questionnaires. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 31(2), 130-132. doi:10.1037/h0087080

How Close Are Your Relationships?(Inclusion of Other in Self Scale, IOS)

Aron, A., Aron, E. N., & Smollan, D. (1992). Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(4), 596-612. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.63.4.596

How Much Do You Trust Others?(General Trust Scale (Modified), GTS-6)

Yamagishi, T., & Yamagishi, M. (1994). Trust and commitment in the United States and Japan. Motivation and Emotion, 18(2), 129-166. doi:10.1007/BF02249397

How You Show Up(Psyche Behavioral Relationship Quality (BRQC), BRQC)

Fletcher, G. J. O., Simpson, J. A., & Thomas, G. (2000). The measurement of perceived relationship quality components: A confirmatory factor analytic approach. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(3), 340-354. doi:10.1177/0146167200265007

Parenting Style Check(Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (Short Form), PSDQ-SF)

Robinson, C. C., Mandleco, B., Olsen, S. F., & Hart, C. H. (2001). The Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ). Handbook of Family Measurement Techniques, 3, 319-321.

Relationship and Intimacy Style(Revised Sociosexual Orientation Inventory, SOI-R)

Penke, L., & Asendorpf, J. B. (2008). Beyond global sociosexual orientations: A more differentiated look at sociosexuality and its effects on courtship and romantic relationships. Journal of Research in Personality, 95(5), 1113-1135. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2008.08.002

Relationship Satisfaction Check(Relationship Assessment Scale, RAS)

Hendrick, S. S. (1988). A generic measure of relationship satisfaction. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 50(1), 93-98. doi:10.2307/352430

Social Curiosity Check(Social Curiosity Questionnaire, SCQ-10)

Kashdan, T. B., Stiksma, M. C., Disabato, D. J., McKnight, P. E., Bekier, J., Kaji, J., & Lazarus, R. (2018). The five-dimensional curiosity scale: Capturing the bandwidth of curiosity and identifying four unique subgroups of curious people. Journal of Research in Personality, 73, 130-149. doi:10.1002/per.2149

The Full Picture(Psyche NRI — Behavioral (NRI-B), NRI)

Furman, W., & Buhrmester, D. (1985). Children's perceptions of the personal relationships in their social networks. Developmental Psychology, 21(6), 1016-1024. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.21.6.1016

What You Do Together (Friend)(Psyche RBIS — Friend (RBIS-F), RBIS-F)

Harel, T., & Koslowsky, M. (2024). Development and validation of the relational behavior interactions scale for couples. Scientific Reports, 14, 8082. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-58835-z

What You Do Together (Partner)(Relational Behavior Interactions Scale — Romantic (RBIS), RBIS-R)

Harel, T., & Koslowsky, M. (2024). Development and validation of the relational behavior interactions scale for couples. Scientific Reports, 14, 8082. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-58835-z

When You Disagree(Conflict Resolution Styles Inventory (CRSI), CRSI)

Kurdek, L. A. (1994). Conflict resolution styles in gay, lesbian, heterosexual nonparent, and heterosexual parent couples. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56(3), 705-722. doi:10.2307/352880

Your Shared Life(Psyche Shared Activities Checklist (SAC), SAC)

Berscheid, E., Snyder, M., & Omoto, A. M. (1989). The Relationship Closeness Inventory: Assessing the closeness of interpersonal relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(5), 792-807. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.5.792

Shape Spinner(Mental Rotation Task, MRT)

Shepard, R. N., & Metzler, J. (1971). Mental rotation of three-dimensional objects. Science, 171(3972), 701-703. doi:10.1126/science.171.3972.701

Thinking Speed vs. Accuracy(Cognitive Reflection Test, CRT)

Frederick, S. (2005). Cognitive Reflection and Decision Making. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19(4), 25-42. doi:10.1257/089533005775196732

Physical Activity Check(International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, IPAQ-SF)

Craig, C. L., Marshall, A. L., Sjostrom, M., Bauman, A. E., Booth, M. L., Ainsworth, B. E., Pratt, M., Ekelund, U., Yngve, A., Sallis, J. F., & Oja, P. (2003). International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 35(8), 1381-1395. doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB

Mental Health and Flourishing(Mental Health Continuum - Short Form, MHC-SF)

Keyes, C. L. M. (2009). Atlanta: Brief description of the mental health continuum short form (MHC-SF)..

Optimism Check(Life Orientation Test-Revised, LOT-R)

Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994). Distinguishing optimism from neuroticism (and trait anxiety, self-mastery, and self-esteem): a reevaluation of the Life Orientation Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(6), 1063-1078. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.67.6.1063

Wellbeing Across Life Domains(Personal Wellbeing Index - Adult, PWI-A)

International Wellbeing Group (2013). Personal Wellbeing Index - Adult (PWI-A)..

Mindfulness Check(Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, MAAS)

Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822-848. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822

Social Support Check(Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, MSPSS)

Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30-41. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2

Belonging and Connection(Need to Belong Scale, NTBS)

Leary, M. R., Kelly, K. M., Cottrell, C. A., & Schreindorfer, L. S. (2013). Construct validity of the Need to Belong Scale: Mapping the nomological network. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95(6), 610-624. doi:10.1080/00223891.2013.819511

Quick Connection Check(UCLA Loneliness Scale-3, ULS-3)

Russell, D. W. (1996). UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3): Reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(1), 20-40. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6601_2

Growth After Adversity(Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form, PTGI-SF)

Cann, A., Calhoun, L. G., Tedeschi, R. G., Taku, K., Vishnevsky, T., Triplett, K. N., & Danhauer, S. C. (2010). A short form of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 23(2), 127-137. doi:10.1080/10615800903094273

Creative Self-Concept(Short Scale of Creative Self, SSCS)

Karwowski, M., Lebuda, I., & Wiśniewska, E. (2018). Measuring creative self-efficacy and creative personal identity. International Journal of Creativity and Problem Solving, 28(1), 45-57. doi:10.1080/10400419.2018.1446748

Word Links(Remote Associates Test, RAT)

Mednick, S. (1962). The associative basis of the creative process. Psychological Review, 69(3), 220-232. doi:10.1037/h0048850

Wisdom Assessment(Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale-12, 3D-WS-12)

Thomas, M. L., Bangen, K. J., Ardelt, M., & Jeste, D. V. (2017). Development of a 12-Item Abbreviated Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS-12): Item Selection and Psychometric Properties. Assessment, 24(1), 71-82. doi:10.1177/1073191115595714

Attention Control Check(Attention Control Scale — Short Form, ACS-12)

Derryberry, D., & Reed, M. A. (2002). Anxiety-related attentional biases and their regulation by attentional control. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111(2), 225-236. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.111.2.225

Color Clash(Stroop Color-Word Task, Stroop)

Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18(6), 643-662. doi:10.1037/h0054651

Eye Tracker(Multiple Object Tracking Test, MOT)

Pylyshyn, Z. W., & Storm, R. W. (1988). Tracking multiple independent targets: Evidence for a parallel tracking mechanism. Spatial Vision, 3(3), 179-197. doi:10.1163/156856888X00122

Focus Filter(Flanker Task, Flanker)

Eriksen, B. A., & Eriksen, C. W. (1974). Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a nonsearch task. Perception & Psychophysics, 16(1), 143-149. doi:10.3758/BF03203267

Spot the Change(Change Blindness Task, CBT)

Rensink, R. A., O'Regan, J. K., & Clark, J. J. (1997). To see or not to see: The need for attention to perceive changes in scenes. Psychological Science, 8(5), 368-373. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00027

Pattern Reasoning(Matrix Reasoning Item Bank, MaRs-IB)

Chierchia, G., Fuhrmann, D., Knoll, L. J., Pi-Sunyer, B. P., Sakhardande, A. L., & Blakemore, S. J. (2019). The matrix reasoning item bank (MaRs-IB): novel, open-access abstract reasoning items for adolescents and adults. Royal Society Open Science, 6(10), 190232. doi:10.1098/rsos.190232

Tower Puzzle(Tower of Hanoi, ToH)

Lucas, E. (1883). Recreations Mathematiques..

Memory Juggle(N-Back Task, N-Back)

Kirchner, W. K. (1958). Age differences in short-term retention of rapidly changing information. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55(4), 352-358. doi:10.1037/h0043688

Number Memory(Digit Span Forward, DSF)

Wechsler, D. (1955). Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale..

Reverse Recall(Digit Span Backward, DSB)

Wechsler, D. (1955). Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale..

Reverse Spatial Memory(Corsi Block Tapping Task (Sequential Backward), Corsi Seq Bwd)

Corsi, P. M. (1972). Human memory and the medial temporal region of the brain..

Spatial Memory(Corsi Block Tapping Task (Sequential Forward), Corsi Seq Fwd)

Corsi, P. M. (1972). Human memory and the medial temporal region of the brain..

Visual Memory(Spatial Simultaneous Task, SST)

Kessels, R. P. C., van Zandvoort, M. J. E., Postma, A., Kappelle, L. J., & de Haan, E. H. F. (2000). The Corsi Block-Tapping Task: Standardization and Normative Data. Applied Neuropsychology, 7(4), 252-258. doi:10.1207/S15324826AN0704_8

Four-Way Reflex(Choice Reaction Time Task (4-Choice), Choice RT-4)

Hick, W. E. (1952). On the rate of gain of information. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 4(1), 11-26. doi:10.1080/17470215208416600

Math Snap(Arithmetic Verification Task, AVT)

Groen, G. J., & Parkman, J. M. (1972). A chronometric analysis of simple addition. Psychological Review, 79(4), 329-343. doi:10.1037/h0032950

Quick Decisions(Choice Reaction Time Task (2-Choice), Choice RT-2)

Hick, W. E. (1952). On the rate of gain of information. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 4(1), 11-26. doi:10.1080/17470215208416600

Reflex Test(Simple Reaction Time, SRT)

Galton, F. (1899). On instruments for (1) testing perception of differences of tint, and for (2) determining reaction time. Journal of the Anthropological Institute, 19, 27-29.

Mental Gear Shift(Task Switching, Task Switch)

Rogers, R. D., & Monsell, S. (1995). Costs of a predictable switch between simple cognitive tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 124(2), 207-231. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.124.2.207